38

As cited above; the text of the address was downloaded on January 14, 2002, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html.

39

Bush's position was not much different from that taken by United Nations General Kofi Annan, speaking about human rights on the occasion of receiving the Nobel Peace Prize: "The sovereignty of states must no longer be used as a shield for gross violations of human rights." Quoted in the New York Times, December 11, 2001, p. A3.

40

David W. Moore, "Bush Job Approval Highest in Gallup History," Gallup Poll News Service, September 24, 2001. Available at http://www.gallup.com/poll/releases/pr010924.asp on January 16, 2002.

41

David W. Moore, "Americans See Terrorist Attacks as 'Act of War,'" Gallup Poll News Service, September 12, 2001, available at http://www.gallup.com/poll/releases/pr010912.asp on January 16, 2002.

42

Frank Bruni, "Bush, and His Presidency, Are Transformed," New York Times, 22 September 2001, p. 1.

43

Both quotations come from Dan Bartlett, White House Communications Director. The first was in Jim VandeHei, "President's New Life Has an International Focus," Wall Street Journal, 27 September 2001, p. A20. The second was in David E. Sanger and Elisabeth Bumiller, "In One Month, a Presidency Transformed," New York Times, 11 October 2001, p. B11.

44

Miles A. Pomper, "In for the Long Haul," CQ Weekly Report, 15 September 2001, p. 2118.

45

Ironically, NATO pledged assistance to the United States--long regarded as its military guarantor.

46

David E. Sanger and Michael R. Gordon, "U.S. Takes Steps to Bolster Bloc Fighting Terror," New York Times, 7 November 2001, page 1.

47

R. W. apple, jr., "A Military Quagmire Remembered: Afghanistan as Vietnam," New York Times, 31 October 2001, p. B1.

48

Miles A. Pomper, "Once-Shunned Countries Now Get Close Attention on Hill," CQ Weekly Report, 13 October 2001, p. 2417.

49

This section draws heavily on the introductory vignette to Chapter 20 in Kenneth Janda, Jeffrey Berry, and Jerry Goldman, The Challenge of Democracy (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001).

50

Excerpts from the president's speech reported in the New York Times, 7 November 2001, p. B4.

51

James Kitfield, "A New and Colder War," National Journal, 29 September 2001, p. 2894.

52

Michael Wines, "An Act of Terror Reshapes the Globe," New York Times, 30 September 2001, Section 4, page 1.

53

Michael Wines, "Rumsfeld, on Visit to Russia and Central Asia, Meets Putin," New York Times, 4 November 2001, p. A6.

54

Associated Press, "Effectiveness of Persian Gulf War Weapons Overstated, Report Says," Chicago Tribune, June 29, 1997, p. 8.

55

October 24, 2001, Paul Richter and Peter Pae, "Bombs Still Not Perfect," Chicago Tribune, p. 30.

56

Christopher Drew, Jo Thomas, and Don Van Natta, Jr., "Hundreds of Arrests, but Promising Leads Unravel," New York Times, October 21, 2001, p. B1.

57

Richard L. Berke and Janet Elder, "Survey Shows Doubts Stirring on Terror War," New York Times, October 30, 2001, p. 1.

58

R. W. Apple, "A Military Quagmire Remembered: Afghanistan as Vietnam," New York Times, October 31, 2001, p. B1.

59

Susan Sachs, "U.S. Appears to Be Losing Public Relations War So Far," New York Times, October 28, 2001, P. B8.

60

Warren Hoge, "Public Apprehension Felt in Europe over the Goals of Afghanistan Bombing," New York Times, November 1, 2001, p. B2.

61

Donald G. McNeil, "More and More, Other Countries See the War as Solely America's," New York Times, November 4, 2001, p. B1.

62

Quoted in Michael R. Gordon and Eric Schmitt, "U.S. Campaign on 2nd Front: Public Opinion," New York Times, October 31, 2001, p. B2.

63

This account of the progress of the war comes from Bill Berkeley, William McNulty, and Archie Tse, "The First Months in the War on Terror," New York Times, December 29, 2001, p. B4.

64

Amy Walden, "No TV, No Chess, No Kites: Taliban's Code, form A to Z," New York Times, November 22, 2001, p. 1 and B5.

65

Erik Eckholm, "Broad Support in Pakistan for a Promised Purge of Islamic Militants," New York Times, January 14, 2002, P. A6; and Uli Schmetzer, "'We will fight on,' Islamist Leaders Vow, Chicago Tribune, January 16, 2002, p. 4.

66

Seth Mydans, "Singapore Stunned as Ordinary Men Are Tied to Terror," New York Times, January 14, 2002, p. A9.

67

U.S. and Philippines Setting Up Joint Command to Combat Terror," New York Times, January 16, 2002, pp. A1 and A11.

68

Yaroslav Trofimov, "As Taliban Falls Inside Afghanistan, so Do Islamic Rules Beyond Borders," Wall Street Journal, December 31, 2001, p. A10.

69

Neil MacFarquhar, "Syria Repackages Its Repression of Muslim Militants as Antiterror Lesson," New York Times, January 14, 2002, P. A8.

70

Yaroslav Trofimov, "Yemen Is Eager to Remain a U.S. Ally," Wall Street Journal, October 31, 2001, p. A16.

71

Erica Schmitt, "Surprise, War Works After All," New York Times, November 18, 2001., Section 4, p. 1.

72

All these quotations were reported by Melinda Henneberger, "European Critics of U.S. Find That the War Gives Them Little Ammunition," New York Times, December 12, 2001, p. B5.

73

New York Times/CBS News Poll, based on 1,052 interviews conducted December 7 to 10. Reported in Robin Toner and Janet Elder, "Public Is Wary but Supportive on Rights, Curbs," New York Times, December 12, 2001, p. 1 and B9.

74

Serge Schmemann, "If Sadam Hussein Is Next, Experts Say, Do It Fast," New York Times, January 6, 2002, p. 12.

75

Steven Erlanger, "Bush's Move on ABM Pact Gives Pause to Europeans," New York Times, December 13, 2001, p. A13.

76

The quotations were reported by Vincent J. Schodolski, "Blair Feeling Heat as U.S.-Europe Bridge," Chicago Tribune, January 18, 2002, p. 3.

77

R.C. Longworth, "A Nation Alone: Even Our Friends Don't Share America's Image of Itself," Chicago Tribune, December 30, 2001, Section 2, pp. 1 and 6.

78

The PEW Research Center, "America Admired, Yet Its New Vulnerability Seen as Good Thing, Say Opinion Leaders," December 19, 2001. The full report was available on January 18, 2002, at http://www.people-press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=145.

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